Marchetti's APUSH: January 2019

Wednesday, January 30, 2019

January 30 - CH 23 Quiz & New Deal Pro Se Court

Hello ladies and gentlemen,

Welcome and great to see you amazing people! Today in class we will wrap up the lecture (if we need to) do our Chapter 23 Quiz and then do a Pro Se Court debating the merits of the New Deal. Don't forget that we will still be collecting money to register for the AP Exams! Let's get down to business! Below you will find our agenda, homework, and resources for the day.

Objectives:

Analyze and discuss the impacts of the Great Depression and Government Responses to solve it
Argue and defend in favor or against FDR's New Deal using evidence to support your claim

Agenda:

Collect AP Test Registration
Finish Lecture #18 - The Great Depression and New Deal
Warm-Up #5
Chapter 23 Quiz
Pro Se Court New Deal

Support Resources

Homework:

AP Test Sign ups in your AP classes

Bring a check or cash to ANY of your AP classes and fill out the registration

Chapter 24 Quiz Monday
3rd Research Paper due February 11
2nd Outside Reading Project due March 22
APUSH Exam May 10

That's all for the day folks! I hope that you have enjoyed! Take care and have a wonderful weekend!

Live long and prosper,

Mr. Marchetti

1-30-2019 PPT

Monday, January 28, 2019

January 28 - Finish Lecture #18

Hello ladies and gentlemen,

Welcome and great to see you beautiful people! I hope you all had a restful and good weekend! Today in class we will be finishing the lecture that we began on Friday. Also we will begin collecting money and registering for the AP exams today! Make sure that you all get your registration in as soon as possible! I expect everyone to register! Below you will find our agenda, homework, and resources for the day.

Objectives:

Analyze and discuss the impacts of the Great Depression and Government Responses to solve it

Agenda:

Collect AP Test Registration
Finish Lecture #18 - The Great Depression and New Deal

Homework:

AP Test Sign ups start Today

Bring a check or cash to ANY of your AP classes and fill out the registration

Chapter 23 Quiz Wednesday
3rd Research Paper due February 11
2nd Outside Reading Project due March 22
APUSH Exam May 10

That's all for the day folks! I hope that everyone has enjoyed learning about the New Deal! Take care and have a great evening!

Live long and prosper,

Mr. Marchetti

1-28-2019 PPT

Friday, January 25, 2019

January 25 - Unit 7 Quick HIPP and Lecture #18

Hello ladies and gentlemen,

Welcome and great to see all you beautiful people! Today in class we will knock out our Unit 7 Quick HIPP and then we will be discussing the Great Depression and New Deal in Lecture #18. A packed schedule as always, I hope that you are excited and ready to learn! Let's get down to business! Below you will find our agenda, homework, and resources for the day.

Objectives:

Analyze primary source documents relating to Unit 7 focus groups
Analyze and discuss the impacts of the Great Depression and Government Responses to solve it

Agenda:

Unit 7 Quick HIPP
Lecture #18 - The Great Depression and New Deal

Homework:

Chapter 23 Quiz on Monday January 28
AP Test Sign ups start January 28

Bring a check or cash to ANY of your AP classes and fill out the registration

3rd Research Paper due February 11
2nd Outside Reading Project due March 22
APUSH Exam May 10

That's all for the day folks! I hope that you all had a great one and enjoyed learning about some of the fascinating ways our current government and society were shaped. Take care and have a fabulous weekend!

Live long and prosper,

Mr. Marchetti

1-25-2019 PPT

Wednesday, January 23, 2019

January 23 - CH 22 Quiz and Crash of 1929

Hello ladies and gentlemen,

Welcome and great to see you all! I am so excited to be back with you after a three day weekend. Today in class we will finish our lecture from last week and then we will be taking our Chapter 22 Quiz. Finally we will be watching a documentary on the Crash of 1929. This one is very good and interesting and does a great job of illustrating why and how the crash happened. It is also older so it includes interviews with people who were actually there! I love it! Let's get down to business! Below you will find our agenda, homework, and resources for the day.

Objectives:

Demonstrate content knowledge by answering questions aligned with the AP exam
Analyze and discuss the causes of the crash of 1929

Agenda:

Homework:

Chapter 23 Quiz on Monday January 28
AP Test Sign ups start January 28

Bring a check or cash to ANY of your AP classes and fill out the registration

3rd Research Paper due February 11
2nd Outside Reading Project due March 22
APUSH Exam May 10

That's all for the day folks! I hope that everyone had a great three day weekend and is ready to go for another week! Take care and have a great evening!

Live long and prosper,

Mr. Marchetti

1-23-2019 PPT

Friday, January 18, 2019

January 18 - Lecture #17 and Prohibition Video

Hello ladies and gentlemen,

Welcome and great to see you all this beautiful Friday! I am so excited to talk about some 20s culture today! In class we will first be talking about 20s Culture with our Lecture #17, and then we will be watching an episode of the Simpson's that satirizes the Prohibition era in a fun and surprisingly accurate way! Should be a fun and interesting day! Below you will find our agenda, homework, and resources for the day.

Objectives:

Analyze the domestic changes that occurred in the United States during the 1920s
Analyze the impact of Prohibition through a pop culture video

Agenda:

Homework:

3rd Annotated Bibliography due TONIGHT
Chapter 22 Quiz on January 23 (Wednesday)
AP Test Sign ups start January 28

More info to follow

2nd Outside Reading Project due March 22

That's all for the day folks! I hope that everyone enjoyed and is ready for a 3 day weekend! Huzzah! I am excited! Take care and have a wonderful weekend!

Live long and prosper,

Mr. Marchetti

1-18-2019 PPT

Wednesday, January 16, 2019

January 16 - Treaty of Versailles SAC

Hello ladies and gentlemen,

Welcome and great to see all you beautiful people! I hope that everyone is ready to go on another beautiful day together. Today in class we will be examining some primary sources regarding the Treaty of Versailles and then we will be doing a class discussion on the why it failed in the U.S.. I hope that everyone is excited and interested. Let's get to it! Below you will find our agenda, homework, and resources for the day.

Objectives:

Read and analyze the foreign policy positions made by Wilson and Lodge in regards to the Treaty of Versailles and League of Nations

Agenda:

Warm-Up #3
Activity: League of Nations

Review Documents
Complete Graphic Organizer
Share with Partner
Discuss with class

Closure #2
Finish Imperialism Packet (If Time)

Homework:

3rd Annotated Bibliography due January 18 (FRIDAY)
Chapter 22 Quiz on January 23 (next Wednesday)
AP Test Sign ups start January 28

More info to follow

2nd Outside Reading Project due March 22

That's all for the day folks! I hope that you enjoyed and learned something new about yourself and our history. As always it is a pleasure working with you wonderful people. Take care and have a fantastic weekend!

Live long and prosper,

Mr. Marchetti

1-16-2019 PPT

Monday, January 14, 2019

January 14 - Chapter 21 Quiz

Hello ladies and gentlemen,

Welcome and great to see you all this second week of the second semester! You are all so beautiful and it is so wonderful to see everyone again! Today in class we have a Monday schedule and will simply be concerned with our Chapter 21 Quiz. If there is any time after the quiz we can get some work in on the Imperialism Packet from last week. Let's do this! Below you will find our agenda, homework, and resources for the day.

Objectives:

Demonstrate content knowledge about Imperialism and World War I through a quiz aligned with the AP Exam.

Agenda:

Chapter 21 Quiz
Work Time on Imperialism Packet

Homework:

3rd Annotated Bibliography due January 18 (FRIDAY)
Chapter 22 Quiz on January 23 (next Wednesday)
AP Test Sign ups start January 28

More info to follow

2nd Outside Reading Project due March 22

That's all for the day folks! I hope that everyone has enjoyed and feels good about the new quizzes without notes! Take care and have a great rest of your day!

Live long and prosper,

Mr. Marchetti

1-14-2019 PPT

Friday, January 11, 2019

January 11 - Chapter 20 Quiz & Imperialism Primary Sources

Hello ladies and gentlemen,

Welcome and great to see all you beautiful people again! Today in class we will jump right back into the groove of quizzes with Chapter 20. Then we will finish Lecture 16 (if we need to) and then we will be working on a packet of primary sources to analyze the causes and effects of American Imperialism. I hope that everyone is getting back into the swing of things ok! Let's do this! Below you will find our agenda, homework, and resources for the day.

Objectives:

Analyze primary sources of American Imperialism and evaluate America's experience with imperialism

Agenda:

Chapter 20 Quiz
Finish Lecture #16 (if needed)
Warm-Up #2
Imperialism Packet
Closure #1

Homework:

Chapter 21 Quiz Monday
3rd Annotated Bibliography due January 18
2nd Outside Reading Project due March 22

That's all for the day folks! I hope that you have felt good your first week back for the new year. We got a lot to accomplish so stay focused on the prize! Take care and have a wonderful weekend!

Live long and prosper,

Mr. Marchetti

1-11-2019 PPT

Wednesday, January 9, 2019

January 9 - Introduce Unit 7 and Lecture 16

Hello ladies and gentlemen,

Welcome back! It is so wonderful to see all you beautiful people after two weeks apart! I am so happy! Today in class we will spend a little time previewing what to expect in the second semester and Unit 7, we will then be jumping right in with our 16th Lecture for the year! I am looking forward to working with you all again. Let's get right to it! Below you will find our agenda, homework, and resources for the day.

Objectives:

Analyze the American experience with imperialism in the late 19th and early 20th centuries

Agenda:

Warm-Up #1
Introduce Second Semester
Introduce unit 7
Lecture #16 - American Imperialism

Homework:

Chapter 20 Quiz Friday
3rd Annotated Bibliography due January 18
2nd Outside Reading Project due March 22

That's all for the day folks! Crazy being back right? Overwhelmed by the work yet? Don't worry, you can do it! I believe in all of you! So happy to be back! Take care and have a wonderful evening!

Live long and prosper,

Mr. Marchetti

1-9-2019 PPT

Tutorial Schedule

Outside Reading Project (1st Semester)

This is required for ALL students and must be turned in at ANY time prior to December 6. Below you will find the directions and resources to complete this assignment. It is worth 100 points.

Step 1: Choose a Historical Book (Non-fiction) and read a minimum of 100 pages from the text. This book must be on a topic from United States history in the years 1607 to 1899. You should pick a book from the list provided (see below), but may read another book as long as you get it approved by me (the teacher) ahead of time!

Outside Reading Book List

Step 2: After you have read at least 100 pages of your text, complete the Outside Reading Worksheet (see below). Make sure that your project is typed and turned in on or before December 6. Late assignments will NOT be accepted!

Outside Reading Project Worksheet

Submissions go to Google Classroom classroom.google.com

If there are any questions please feel free to email me, or ask me in class. DO NOT forget about this assignment!

Fun Stuff

Hey ladies and gentlemen,

I thought I would start a little list of fun things I wanted to share with you. Needless to say these are fun US History things!

First here is a podcast that is currently in production, examining each of the U.S. presidents in order (starting with Washington). The creator will be doing one president a week up to the presidential election in November!

Presidential

The next is for those of you who are interested in what is going on with the Supreme Court. This podcast follows the work of the Supreme Court and examines in depth the issues faced by the Court today. It is very good and informative!

Amicus

FIVE STEPS TO UNDERSTANDING THE 2008 FINANCIAL CRISIS

I found this on a review for a documentary about the 2008 Financial Crisis and thought it was a great summary of what happened. So I decided to share! Read if you are interested :-)

FIVE STEPS TO UNDERSTANDING THE 2008 FINANCIAL CRISIS

1) The Home Mortgage
It all starts with the venerable home mortgage. This is the most important piece of the puzzle. Think about how the traditional home loan works. You go to buy a house. You apply for a home loan at the local bank. The bank checks your credit. If you seem credit worthy the bank lends you the bulk of the money to buy the house. However, to insure that the bank doesn't risk suffering a loss it does three things: 1) it asks for a down payment. 2) It requires you to insure the house (fire insurance and what not). 3) the bank places a lien on the property, thus making the property act as collateral for the loan.

The down payment insures that there is equity in the home. Equity simply means the house is worth more than the amount owed. This is critical. The bank always needs to be in a position where the property is worth more than what it can be sold for. Ideally, a down payment needs to be sized such that there is sufficient equity to withstand minor fluctuations in the housing market. Positive equity, combined with homeowners insurance has for decades insured that the bank won't suffer a loss on money that is being lent.

2) Securitization
A properly structured home mortgage is a very safe investment, and thus a popular one for banks. The popularity, and sheer number, of mortgages made them attractive to a financial process referred to as "securitization". With securitization, large quantities of mortgages are purchased from the local banks by a financial services company. The loans are grouped together and then re-packaged into a variety of securities (investments) that are then resold to willing buyers. Think of securitization as you would processed foods. An organic vegetable garden in your backyard is analogous to the previously described traditional home loan. A garden produces pure and simple food. A home mortgage from the local bank is pure and simple. But if instead of consuming those vegetables, what if they were instead sold to a food conglomerate, which extracts a portion of the crop, adds some preservatives and cans the vegetables in various configurations and sizes (corn, peas, mixed vegetables, etc.)? That's equivalent to financial securitization. Home loans are processed into a variety of investment vehicles and made available to wide range of consumers.

By the way, although the umbrella term "securitization" is used to describe the aforementioned process, the term "derivative" is often used with regards to activities such as repackaging mortgages. The resulting security (investment) is *derived* from the original home loans in this case (there are many types of derivatives employed in the finance and investment world).

3) Deregulation
Securitization, in and of itself is not a bad thing. Fresh vegetables can potentially be processed in a manner that retains much of their flavor and nutritional value. For example, organic barley is grown in Oxnard, California and processed into a product called 'Barley Green'. This brings one of the best concentrated super-green foods to consumers who otherwise would not have access to such nutrition. Likewise, mortgages can be repackaged into safe investment vehicles available to those who otherwise could not participate in the mortgage market. But keeping securitized investments safe requires rules (regulations). There are two specific kind of rules (lack of rules, actually) that directly relate to the financial crisis in 2008.

First, in 1999 a very important law controlling the behavior of the financial services sector was repealed. It was the Banking Act of 1933, colloquially known as "Glass-Steagall", named after the two senators who proposed the law. Glass-Steagall was a very simple, 37 page law designed to help prevent another depression. It basically said: The bank cannot make risky investments with depositor's money.

[Some people will recall that in the 1980s the Savings and Loan industry was deregulated in a similar manner. In short order this led to the failure of hundreds of S&Ls.]

The second rule that was repealed was in fact never engaged. Congress tried to regulate the completely unregulated derivatives market. Recall that derivatives are tradable securities derived from real things (home mortgages, other types of secured loans, crops, etc.). In 2000 a movement was underway to regulate the trading of derivatives. Some law makers and people in key government positions fought against such regulation (probably the same people behind the repeal of Glass-Steagall), and Congress failed to pass any legislation on the matter.

So, going into the 2000s, banks now had the right to use customer deposits to engage in most any type of investment they wished, and this included derivatives. In the next section we will see how derivatives went wild, and how the whole securitization of home mortgages went very wrong.

4) Tail wags dog
So far we are talking about [safe] home loans being purchased en mass and repackaged for sale as collateralized (safe) investment vehicles. We also know that the derivatives being created in this process are unregulated, and we know that banks can use customer deposits to purchase these derivatives and resell them to their customers, but we don't yet know what deregulation shenanigans are about to occur.

The specific name given to securitized home loan derivatives is "collateralized debt obligation" or CDO. Don't get intimidated here. A collateralized debt obligation is simply a collection of mortgages! A mortgage is an *obligation* to pay a *debt*, with the *collateral* for the debt being the house and the property it is built on. Collateralized... Debt... Obligation. When you buy a CDO you are buying a portion of one or more home owner's mortgage.

CDOs became EXTREMELY POPULAR! Why? Because they were considered safe investments that produced a reasonable rate of return. CDOs came in many sizes to fit an array of portfolios, and, they were plentiful.

When a derivate of the nature of a CDO is offered for sale to certain market segments, such as retirement funds, the security must be rated by a third party as to its relative safety. Enter the Big Three rating agencies. Just as there are the Big Three credit reporting agencies, there are the Big Three companies that independently evaluate and rate securitized investments (Inside Job tells us the names). These agencies put their reputation on the line every time they rate a security. Many mortgage based CDOs received a rating of AAA, the highest possible investment grade rating. The venerable AAA rating is equivalent to a US Government Treasury Bill, which is considered the safest place in the world to put your money (the Federal government has never directly defaulted on a T-Bill).

As the popularity of the CDO industry grew, income of the ratings agencies skyrocketed because the agencies charge a fee to rate each CDO (nice work if you can get it). The CDO was a windfall for the Big Three credit rating agencies. Thanks to the CDO, mortgage backed securities were suddenly available to a wide array of investors. Institutional investors snapped them up. Demand became so high that there weren't enough home loans to produce the CDOs investors so coveted.

And this is where the trouble begins. Demand exceeded supply. This is where greed raises its ugly head and the slippery slope toward financial meltdown really began. This is where the tail started wagging the dog because loan demand began getting generated on the back end (the financial sector), not on the front end (a family seeking to buy a house). The quickest solution to create more CDOs was two-fold; a) make more home loans, and b) include other types of loans in the securitization process. Oh my. Yes, this is where the sub-prime loan comes in. Lowering lending standards was the quickest way to grow the number of mortgages that could then be re-processed into CDOs. It was easy for the loan originators (the banks that granted the loans) to grant sub-prime loans because they were selling the loans to the financial services industry for a fee, thus taking themselves out of the risk loop.

But that was not enough. The investment banks that created CDOs went a step further and started to include other types of loans in the CDOs; car loans, school loans, commercial loans, etc.

Oh my. So the logical question is: What happened to the ratings on these Frankenstein-esk CDOs? Sub-prime loans, by their very nature, are not the highest quality loans and thus do not deserve the highest quality ratings. The answer is the ratings agencies continued to issue AAA ratings for these CDOs. This is corruption, plain and simple. The ratings agencies were making money hand over fist rating these securities. They knew that if they kept issuing AAA ratings the investment banks would keep submitting freshly minted CDOs for rating. It's plain old greed and corruption folks, nothing complicated here. Inside Job shows clips of the heads of the companies testifying before Congress. It's laughable.

5) What's worse than a Frankenstein CDO? Leverage and Credit Default Swaps
At this point in time a lie is in effect. Institutional investors such as state pension funds, county retirement plans, and thousands of other entities seeking a safe place to grow their money are buying AAA derivatives that are in fact far riskier than they appear. The cancer of greed begins to spread further however. Large lending institutions that started to crowd out the proverbial local bank appeared on the scene. The biggest was Countrywide, issuing (as reported in Inside Job) a reported 97 billion dollars in home loans. This new breed of lenders invented additional ways to grow its profits. It lowered lending standards even further. It waved the down payment, relaxed income requirements, and failed to verify the income entered on loan applications... thus creating the liar loan. To add insult to injury the lenders also increased their profits by placing well qualified buyers into sub-prime loans, even if the buyer qualified for a lower interest loan. Sub-prime loans have a higher rate of interest and thus the lender's profits were higher. Is this not essentially stealing?

Bear in mind that the only thing that kept this scheme going was ever rising home prices. As long as the economy maintained enough jobs, as long as interest rates stayed low, this process continued. One side effect of the boom in easy home loans was a boom in demand for those loans, which produced the greatest ramp up in real estate prices in memory. Thus we have the "housing bubble".

But wait. The slippery slope of greed did not stop there. The engine that supplies mortgages to feed the CDO process was fueled further when the lenders and the investment banks started to BORROW MONEY to in-turn lend it out for more home mortgages. And where did a portion of those borrowed funds come from? From depositors accounts. Made possible by the repeal of a law that had kept the financial markets intact for decades since the Great Depression. Borrowing money to fund the granting of additional mortgages was a highly significant event for another reason as well. When you borrow money to make an investment (in this case to lend money to home buyers) you add "leverage".

Leverage was the straw that broke the back of the financial system in 2008, so it's helpful to understand how it works. Financial leverage works like any other form of leverage. A physical lever that you press down, say, one inch, might lift an object on the other end by 1 foot. Conversely, if you let up on that lever by, say, 1/2" the object lowers 6". Leverage works going up as well as coming down. The effect is multiplied in either direction.

In finance, if you have one million dollars to finance mortgages, and then borrow an additional million, you double your income. That's 2:1 leverage. All you have to do is pay a small loan payment once a month to service the loan on that second million dollars. If the income from securitizing the extra million dollars is greater than the interest rate on the loan, you're ahead. Inside Job asserts that investment banks leveraged as high as 33:1. This meant MASSIVE profits in the billions of dollars, but it also meant that the real estate market -which provided the collateral for these loans, had to keep rising, or at least tread water. If property values were to drop, the equity of the loan could become less than the amount owed. This is bad. It could in turn generate a margin call from the entity that lent you the million dollars, requiring you to come up with additional funds to make up for the loss. Also, if for some reason home owners started defaulting on their mortgages -say because they lost their jobs, or because the interest rate on their adjustable loan rose to fast- then you might not be able to even make the minimum payment on the money you borrowed, let alone pay back the principal. You would end up defaulting. It's like dominoes.

Now be sure to multiply all that by 33. With such extreme leverage, even if the homeowners kept up their payments, if the value of the home decreased by say, 25% in a caving real estate market you would still be on the hook for the full amount borrowed, and the losses could add up to more then the entire net worth of your bank. Whoops.

We know of course that the real estate market did indeed contract. But believe it or not, there is one more piece to this puzzle to cover first. And believe it or not, it is arguably the most insidious component of what lead to the collapse. Just to recap, we have safe AAA rated CDOs that have been Frankensteinized by folding in sub-prime and other lower rated loans. Borrowed money, including consumer bank deposits, has been used to make more CDOs. Now enters the "credit default swap", or CDS. This is another easy to explain term. A CDS is essentially an insurance policy on the default of a CDO. Recall that private investors and institutions were buying CDOs - which are just mortgage backed securities- for safety and income. The CDOs paid periodic dividends, and the capitol was returned to the investor when the CDO expired. The investment banks started to get worried about all those CDOs! They were so levered up that the slightest drop in real estate prices, or a rise in interest rates, or a contraction of the economy leading to increased unemployment... would lead to defaults on home mortgages, which in turn would lead to the failure of the CDO they were backing. So the banks took out insurance against this eventuality from yet another institution. They bought credit default swaps from insurance provider AIG (American International Group). With a CDS, the holder of the CDO paid a recurring fee to AIG. AIG in turn promised to make good on the CDO if goes bad (they swapped the risk to another party). What's not to love?

CDS insurance doesn't seem like too bad an idea until you start to see (as explained in Inside Job) that the investment banks were recommending supposedly safe CDOs to their clients while at the same time the banks were effectively betting the CDOs would fail by taking out credit default swaps with AIG. It should be underscored here that a CDS paid out to the INVESTMENT BANK in the event of a default... NOT to the customers buying the CDOs, not to the owners of the deposit accounts, and certainly NOT to the homeowners. Moreover, you didn't even have to own a CDO to buy a CDS for it! Meaning, anyone at all could take out an insurance policy against a CDO. Or multiple CDOs. There was no limit because THERE WAS NO REGULATION. AIG issued multitudes of CDSs. When the real estate market collapsed, AIG was on the hook for the full value of every single CDS taken out on each CDO! Huge-o leverage. This is where the government stepped in to bail out AIG and other institutions on the verge of bankruptcy.

Epilog
So add it up. Lack of regulation gives the nod to the financial services community to behave as they wish. Demand for safe mortgage backed securities in investment portfolios gives rise to relaxed lending standards (spawning the sub-prime loan, the no down payment loan, and the liar loan). The temptation to create more CDOs prompts the inclusion of non-AAA rated loans to the security and bribing the Big Three ratings agencies to rate all CDOs as AAA. The use of leverage multiplies the losses if the economy stumbles or interest rates rise. And finally the creation of a vehicles to insure against the failure of CDOs transfers so much risk to a single entity that it can not possibly pay out when the claims start rolling in. Most troubling is that politicians and holder of Federal Cabinet positions fought hard to make the system so vulnerable. And many of those people are still in office today.

Now you know why these instruments are termed `financial weapons of mass destruction'. Inside Job goes on to explain how very little has been done to address the underlying problem...

Marchetti's APUSH

Class Resources

Pages

Wednesday, January 30, 2019

January 30 - CH 23 Quiz & New Deal Pro Se Court

Monday, January 28, 2019

January 28 - Finish Lecture #18

Friday, January 25, 2019

January 25 - Unit 7 Quick HIPP and Lecture #18

Wednesday, January 23, 2019

January 23 - CH 22 Quiz and Crash of 1929

Friday, January 18, 2019

January 18 - Lecture #17 and Prohibition Video

Wednesday, January 16, 2019

January 16 - Treaty of Versailles SAC

Monday, January 14, 2019

January 14 - Chapter 21 Quiz

Friday, January 11, 2019

January 11 - Chapter 20 Quiz & Imperialism Primary Sources

Wednesday, January 9, 2019

January 9 - Introduce Unit 7 and Lecture 16

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